2000, Fresno, USA
Proceedings of the 6ᵗʰ International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, Fresno, USA, 2000
About The Fresno Conference
The International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (formerly the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Grain Storage) is the leading international meeting reporting on advances in research and development on gaseous treatments applied to protect commodities in storage.…
These commodities include cereal grains, legumes, root crops, dried fruits and vegetables, and other agricultural products including bulbs and flowers; excluded are CA treatments for quality preservation of fresh agricultural products. The Permanent Committee of the International CAF Conference (in a meeting held during the Conference in Cyprus, 1996) selected the Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (HCRL), USDA, ARS, in Fresno, to host the present Conference, because the HCRL has been instrumental in implementing advanced dried fruit and nut processing and storage technologies under hot and dry climate conditions of California.
Conference Objectibes
- To report on advances in research and development and the current status of controlled atmosphere and fumigation for insect pests, microflora and quality control in stored products.
- To evaluate and discuss the potential alternative control methods in view of the threat to reduce or phase out use of chemical fumigants in general and methyl bromide in. particular.
- To evaluate the technical, environmental and economical advantages of, and examine the potential for emerging controlled atmosphere technologies.
- To provide a forum for interchange of ideas between government authorities, research agencies and industry.
- To enable the industry to display the latest commodity treatment, monitoring, handling and storage equipment, facilities and services.
- To discuss, disseminate information, and allow transfer of technologies applying controlled atmosphere and fumigation.
Session 1
Metabolic heat: a new way of looking at how controlled atmospheres kill insects.
A. CARPENTER, C. DOWNES, L. HANSEN, M. SHELTON and R. LILL
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Susceptibility of the bean bruchid, Acanthoscelides obtectus to two controlled atmospheres at different relative humidities.
T.I. OFUYA and Ch. REICHMUTH
Comparative efficacy of controlled atmospheres against insects in durable products.
C. ADLER
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Respiration of Stored Product Pests in Hermetic Conditions.
M. Emekci, S. Navarro, E.J. Donahaye, Miriam Rindner and A. Azrieli
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Airtight Granary for Use by Subsistence Farmers.
A.G. Ferizli, S. Navarro, E.J. Donahaye, Miriam Rindner and A. Azrieli
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Phosphine dosage regimes required for high mortality: a data-base approach.
P.C. ANNIS
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A method for exposure of insect cell cultures to phosphine.
S. PRATT
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Distribution of radio labelled phosphorus in susceptible and resistant Tribolium castaneum after fumigation.
C. WATERFORD
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Metabolism of carbonyl sulfide to hydrogen sulfide in insects is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase.
VICTORIA HARITOS
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Does ethyl formate have a role as a rapid grain fumigant? Preliminary findings.
KATHERINE A. DAMCEVSKI and P.C. ANNIS
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Hydrogen cyanide as an immediate alternative to methyl bromide for structural fumigations.
MADELEINE RAMBEAU, DELPHINE BENITEZ, S. DUPUIS and P. DUCOM
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Control of Ephestia cautella with low levels of methyl bromide and carbon dioxide gas mixtures.
GLORY SABIO, S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, MIRIAM RINDNER, A. AZRIELI and R. DIAS
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Response of Tribolium castaneum AND Sitophilus zeamais to potential fumigants derived from essential oils of spices.
SHUIT H. HO
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Plant product as a fumigant for the management of stored-product pests.
A.C. SHUKLA, S.K. SHAHI, A. DIKSHIT and V.C. SAKSENA
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Toxicity and joint action of cumin seeds extract with certain controlled atmospheres against some stored product insects.
F.A. EL-LAKWAH, R.A. MOHAMED and A.E. ABD EL-AZIZ
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Preliminary study on chestnut insect disinfestation with sulfuryl fluoride.
C. VINGHES and P. DUCOM
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Toxicity of sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane) to fruit flies in laboratory tests.
J.L. ZETTLER, R. GILL, J.W. ARMSTRONG and P.V. VAIL
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Session 2
Effect of modified atmospheres on microflora and respiration of California prunes.
J.L. ZETTLER and S. NAVARRO
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Effects of phosphine in the development of Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin production in maize grains stored at different moisture contents.
MARIA F.P.M. DE CASTRO, M.F.F. LEITAO, J.O. DO VALE, NEURA BRAGNOLO, ELIANE S. ANICHIAREO and K.A. MILLS
Session 3
Preservation of dried fruits and nuts from biodeterioration by natural plant volatiles.
NEETA SHARMA
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Quality preservation of moist paddy under hermetic conditions.
E.J. DONAHAYE, S. NAVARRO, S. ANDALES, ANGELITA M. DEL MUNDO, FILIPINAS CALIBOSO, GLORY SABIO, ANGELINA FELIX, MIRIAM RINDNER, A. AZRIELI and R. DIAS
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Reflective covers to prevent condensation in sealed storages in the tropics.
E.J. DONAHAYE, S. NAVARRO, GLORY SABIO, MIRIAM RINDNER, A. AZRIELI and R. DIAS
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Storage of dates under carbon dioxide atmosphere for quality preservation.
S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, MIRIAM RINDNER and A. AZRIELI
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Fumigation of oaten hay for export – alternatives to methyl bromide.
C.P.F. DE LIMA
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Session 4
Adoption of hermetic storage on milled rice using the Volcani cubeTM in the Philippines.
CECILIA V. DE DIOS, MARIA FINESA A. COSICO, D.D. JULIAN, J.V. DATOR, ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ and R.L. TIONGSON
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Measurement of delayed evolution of phosphine from solid formulation through plastic packaging.
J. VAN S. GRAVER and S. PRATT
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Movement of phosphine gas in upright concrete elevators.
C. REED
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Integration of inert dust into control of storage pests in bulk grain in storage in Australia.
SYLVIA ALLEN
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Prospects of low pressure for use in the disinfestation of stored-products.
G.N. MBATA and T.W. PHILLIPS
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Australian SIROCIRCׂ recirculatory phosphine fumigation systems at Xizui grain terminal and inland depots in China.
C. NEWMAN, G. RUSSELL, W. SHORE, D. GOCK and R. RYAN
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Application of vacuum in a transportable system for insect control.
S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, R. DIAS, A. AZRIELI, MIRIAM RINDNER T. PHILLIPS, R. NOYES, P. VILLERS, T. DEBRUIN, R. TRUBY and R. RODRIGUEZ
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Field evaluation of aluminum phosphide formulations as a fumigant for the control of storage infestations.
M.G. ANDRADA, C.G. ALINGOD, M.E.S. LIM, MARIA FINESA A. COSICO and ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ
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Session 5
Trials of two phosphine generators based on a new formulation of aluminium phosphide.
C.J. WATERFORD and P.P. ASHER
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Comparative evaluation of aluminum phosphide fumigant formulations under sealed enclosure fumigation storage technology (SEFUST).
M.G. ANDRADA, MARIA FINESA A. COSICO and ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ
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Corn storage under sealed enclosure fumigation storage technology (SEFUST) in NFA operations.
P.V. HERRERA, JR., M.G. ANDRADA and ELVIRA M. MARTINEZ
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Experiences in the transfer of outdoor storage technology among extension workers and users in the Philippine grains industry.
R.P. ESTIGOY
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“EC02FUME¨ for postharvest disinfestation of horticulture produce.
P. WILLIAMS and R. RYAN
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“EC02FUME¨: global status update.
R. CAVASIN, B. MCSWIGAN, R. RYAN and D. GOCK
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High dose phosphine fumigation using on-site mixing.
B. BRIDGEMAN, R. RYAN, D. GOCK and P. COLLINS
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Dosing strategies for low oxygen atmosphere replacement in floor-stored grain.
C.H. BELL, B.B. HARRAL, S. CONYERS and B.E. LLEWELLIN
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A new positive pressure system for combatting dilution during phosphine fumigation of bulk grain.
K.A. MILLS, T.J. WONTNER-SMITH, D.I. BARTLETT and B.B. HARRAL
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Disinfestation of stored grains using high- pressure carbon dioxide.
H. NAKAKITA, H. IKENAGA and K. TAKAHASHI
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Effect of smoke on Rhyzopertha dominica and Callosobruchus maculatus mortality and its susceptibility to phosphine.
S.N. SINHA, S.P. SINGH and C. SRIVASTAVA
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New developments in the fumigation of bulk and bagged goods in-transit.
C.R. WATSON, W. SZEMJONNECK, N. PRUTHI, D. BUREAU and A. VARNAVA
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Session 6
Future bulk grain bin design needs related to sealing for optimum pest management: a researcher’s view.
M.E. CASADA and R.T. NOYES
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Future bulk grain bin design needs related to sealing for optimum pest management: a manufacturer’s view.
H.L. TOWNE
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Fumigant confinement and half-loss times in food industry structures and shipping containers.
B.M. SCHNEIDER, R.E. WILLIAMS and MICHELLE S. SMITH
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Fumigation practices in food processing plants: striving for “best practices” through improved efficiencies with sulfuryl fluoride.
R.E. WILLIAMS, S. PRABHAKARAN and B.M. SCHNEIDER
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Phosphine fumigation failures in concrete silos in the southwestern U.S.A..
R.T. NOYES, J. SUBBIAH, J.T. CRISWELL T. PHILLIPS and M. TOEWS
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Validation of models for controlled atmosphere gas loss from bolted-steel granaries.
D.S. JAYAS, N.D.G. WHITE, M.G. PECK and W.E. MUIR
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Critical limits of sealing for successful application of controlled atmosphere or fumigation.
S. NAVARRO and J.L. ZETTLER
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Session 7
Computer modeling for simulating stored-product insect pest population dynamics and insecticide resistance potential in food processing plants.
S. PRABHAKARAN, B.M. SCHNEIDER R.E. WILLIAMS and S. RAY
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Modeling the effects of insect stage and grain temperature on phosphine-induced mortality for Rhyzopertha dominica.
P. FLINN, T. PHILLIPS, D. HAGSTRUM, F. ARTHUR and J. THRONE
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The internet as a tool for managing grain insect resistance to fumigants on Australian farms.
R.N. EMERY, R.A. TASSONE and E. KOSTAS
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Combining controlled atmosphere disinfestation with non-chemical protective treatments in an integrated pest management approach to insect control in postharvest dried fruits and nuts.
J.A. JOHNSON, P.V. VAIL, D.G. BRANDL, J.S. TEBBETS and K.A. VALERO
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Integrated pest management, including fumigation provision, of tradersױ stocks in northern Ghana.
P. GOLOB, B. TRAN and H.F. ANDAN
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Trial on the storage of mungbean seed in airtight storage.
BUSSARA CHANKAEWMANEE, PORNTHIP VISARATHANONDH and SUWIMOL THANORMSUB
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Training needs for fumigation of stored products in Central Africa.
MISPA MOUEN
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Session 8
Phosphine resistance: where to now?
K.A. MILLS
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Combating Resistance to Phosphine in Australia.
P.J. COLLINS, G.J. DAGLISH, M.K. NAYAK, P.R. EBERT, D. SCHLIPALIUS, W. CHEN, HERVOIKA PAVIC, TINA M LAMBKIN, ROSEMARY KOPITTKE, and B.W. BRIDGEMAN
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Relationship between phosphine resistance and narcotic knockdown in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.).
YANG CAO and DIANXUAN WANG
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The toxicity of phosphine in combination with 5% and 10% carbon dioxide against all stages of a strongly phosphine-resistant strain of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae).
T.A. LAMBKIN
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Session 9
Sub-lethal effects of controlled atmospheres on insects: detection and quarantine implications.
A. CARPENTER, I.A.N. STRINGER, M.A. POTTER and C.W. VAN EPENHUIJSEN
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Natural occurrence of ethyl formate and carbonyl sulfide in grains.
Y.L. REN and J.M. DESMARCHELIER
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The AQIS standard for quarantine fumigations with methyl bromide.
JUDITH DOWNEY, G. EDDY, H..J. BANKS and J. VAN S. GRAVER
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Methods to test the efficacy of phosphine fumigation to control hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales of exported hay.
VICTORIA Y. YOKOYAMA and GINA T. MILLER
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Session 10
Commercialization of the electronic grain probe insect counter.
D. SHUMAN and NANCY D. EPSKY
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Monitoring fumigation effectiveness using bioassays of mixed aged cultures of target pests.
B. BRIDGEMAN and P. COLLINS
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Trapping and sampling stored-product insects before and after commercial fumigation treatments.
T.W. PHILLIPS, C.W. DOUD, M.D. TOEWS, C. REED, D. HAGSTRUM and P. FLINN
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Some issues to consider when judging effectiveness of stored-product insect control measures in mills.
B. SUBRAMANYAM and P.W. FLINN
Use of sampling information for timing fumigations at grain elevators.
C. REED, D. HAGSTRUM, P.W. FLINN and T. PHILLIPS
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Session 11
In-transit disinfestation in freight containers using carbon dioxide: an operations manual.
J. VAN S. GRAVER, H.J. BANKS and A.K. SHARP
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The effect of temperature and exposure times on the survival of Sitophilus oryzae L. in an on-site generated controlled atmosphere.
A. CONTESSI, N. BALDASSARI and M. MAGGIOLI
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Carbon dioxide under high pressure for stored-product protection in temperate climates.
SABINE PROZELL and C. REICHMUTH
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Pheromone traps for monitoring Lasioderma serricorne F. and Ephestia elutella (Hbn.) in stored tobacco in Portugal.
MARIA OTILIA CARVALHO, ANA PAULA PEREIRA and A. MEXIA
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Fumigation of paddy rice and rice products with ethyl formate.
R. REUSS, P. ANNIS and Y. KHATRI
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Temperature as management tool for fumigation of concrete silos in Cape Verde islands.
A. MAIA, A. BARBOSA, ANA PAULA PEREIRA, P. CARDOSO and A. MEXIA
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Comparative responses of three psocid species (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) to five fumigants.
J. RIUDAVETS, KATHERINE. A. DAMCEVSKI and P.C. ANNIS
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Propylene oxide. a registered fumigant, a proven insecticide
T. GRIFFITH and M. WARREN
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Rice milling as an alternative to methyl bromide for control of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.).
VALERIE DUCOM-GALLERNE and C. VINGHES
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Determination of methyl bromide residues in “fuzzy” cottonseed.
G. DOJCHINOV and VICTORIA HARITOS
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Time to kill phosphine resistant Rhyzopertha dominica using a concentration profile typical of field exposure.
P.C. ANNIS and HELEN A. DOWSETT
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Moistened charcoal (with or without copper sulphate) – a potential scrubber for phosphine.
GAYE WELLER, C. WHITTLE and C. WATERFORD
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Is phosphine a component of concern in rumen gas in cattle?
C. WATERFORD and S. PRATT
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Phosphine residues remaining in aluminium phosphide preparations after burial.
J. VAN S. GRAVER and C.P. WHITTLE
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The combined effect of heat and carbon dioxide on diapausing larvae of the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium.
MIRIAM RINDNER, S. NAVARRO, E.J. DONAHAYE, R. DIAS, A. AZRIELI and GLORY SABIO
Postharvest insect control on harvested Dendrobium orchids.
TIFFANIE SIMPSON, V. BIKOBA, J. SHANNON, M.I. WIBAWA and ELIZABETH J. MITCHAM
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Quarantine treatment on cut flowers by natural fumigants.
M. KOSTYUKOVSKY and E. SHAAYA
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An investigation into the occurrence of phosphine resistance in stored-product insects collected at various grain storage facilities in Morocco.
H. BENHALIMA, M.Q. CHAUDHRY, K.A. MILL and N.R. PRICE
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“PHOSCARD”: phosphine fumigation detector cards for farmers.
R.N. EMERY and E. KOSTAS
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